Having come to distrust the people who write book jacket summaries and create blurbs designed to catch a buyer's eye, I must say that "Through hell and high water" is perfectly apt for Beth Groundwater's new mystery, Deadly Currents.
While the rest of us have days when we wished we'd never gotten out of bed, and every now and then a wave of bad luck or karma swamps us but few can compete with Mandy Tanner's first few days on her new job as a river ranger. Groundwater launches this first entry in her new mystery series the way a starter's gun begins a kayak race and the action carries the reader along until, all too quickly, the final page is reached.
As a river ranger for the Arkansas Headwaters Recreation Area (AHRA), Mandy's landed her dream job; living in beautiful Salida, Colorado she is in the middle a year-round, outdoor activity paradise. But she's got to cope with a pair of deaths that threaten her job while her need to bring a killer to justice threaten her life.
Whitewater tour guides and local townspeople come to life, plenty of conflict is created and the sparks definitely fly. Mandy's feisty personality and need to do things herself requires she hold her own, first with her beloved Uncle Bill, who raised her after the accident that took her parents' lives and wants Mandy to continue working for his outfitting business. Then there's David, her older brother who's an accountant in Colorado Springs and feels guilty about letting Uncle Bill take responsibility for Mandy. Among the authority figures around whom Mandy needs to thread her way are her boss, Head River Ranger Steve Hadley, and Sheriff's Detective Victor Quintana who cooperates with the rangers but understandably has a few reservations about this young woman. Not least is the wanting-to-be-helpful, endlessly patient, and occasionally misunderstood guy in her life, Rob Juarez.
Placing Mandy in a real location which the author knows well and vividly describes, Groundwater deftly works Salida's signature event, FIBArk (per its website, anyway http://www.fibark.net/) into the novel's climax. Any questions about Salida as a picture perfect location for adventure and mystery will be erased by this round-up of "Time Warp Towns" from CNBC (http://travel.yahoo.com/p-interests-38846833)
Deadly Currents should appeal to fans of Nevada Barr's inimitable National Park Service mysteries with its awesome protagonist Park Ranger, Anna Pigeon. All in all, Beth Groundwater has created a winning combination of location and character that bodes well for the forthcoming titles in her Rocky Mountain Adventures mystery series from Midnight Ink. Look for the next one, Wicked Eddies, in Spring 2012.
Sunday, March 20, 2011
Tuesday, July 27, 2010
Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman and the Surrender of Japan
Tsuyoshi Hasegawa (Professor of History and Director of the Center for Cold War Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara) has made an important contribution to the study of the final months of World War II and sets the stage for the next global conflict, the Cold War. Like S.M. Plokhy in The Price of Peace, Hasegawa draws upon documentation recently released from the archives of the former Soviet Union to examine that nation's relationship with its Allies and, in this case, the USSR's subsequent military activity in the Pacific.
Hasegawa moves deftly among a polyglot of official sources, memoirs, diaries, etc. be their origin Russian, American, Japanese, British and other participant.
The Potsdam Conference met after Germany's uncoditional surrender so the European portion of the war was over but some of the fiercest fighting in the Pacific continued. Japan prepared to fight to the last to prevent an invasion of the Home Islands and/or any change in the relationship between the Emperor and Japanese nation. At Yalta, Franklin Delano Roosevelt had tried to extract a firm commitment from Josef Stalin regarding the Soviet Union's entry into the war against Japan; Stalin said he would wait until after Germany's defeat.
FDR's successor, Harry Truman, was also very interested in the Soviet Union's plans for the Pacific but he attended Potsdam knowing that the U.S. was about to begin testing an unimaginably powerful new weapon, the atomic bomb. He undoubtedly shared some information with Winston Churchill who would have passed it on to Anthony Eden. How much their successors in the new Labour government, Prime Minister Clement Attlee and Foreign Minister Ernest Bevin, knew (or had absorbed) by the time the conference wound down doesn't come up. It's clear Attlee and Bevin had turned their attention to rebuilding their own war-devastated country; they were willing to let Truman, Stalin, Chiang Kai-Shek et al. deal with Japan.
Stalin played the old Neutrality Pact with Japan for all it was worth, buying time to move Soviet forces and equipment to their Far Eastern borders. The Soviets created the appearance of getting Chinese approval for a division of territories in Mongolia, Manchria and Korea. Meanwhile Truman and his advisors debated their options, the possible Russian replies, American public opinion and their desire to demonstrate the new superweapon. The geography of the Kurile Islands and the names of a few key bodies of water proved somewhat baffling to both the Russians and the Americans. Incredulously, the Japanese clung to a belief that the Russians would mediate for them and so the diplomats continued to meet, even as the Soviet troops crossed the borders and ignored white flags of surrender.
Wikipedia has an excellent article, citing numerous authorities on the subject:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan
While Japan's surrender is not in doubt, the events leading up to it and following it, continue to be a source of debate. Professor Hasegawa use of available archival documents from the three major participants - Japan, Russia and the United States - fleshes out the key individuals involved and creates a dramatic thriller firmly grounded in scholarship. That is quite a feat.
Hasegawa moves deftly among a polyglot of official sources, memoirs, diaries, etc. be their origin Russian, American, Japanese, British and other participant.
The Potsdam Conference met after Germany's uncoditional surrender so the European portion of the war was over but some of the fiercest fighting in the Pacific continued. Japan prepared to fight to the last to prevent an invasion of the Home Islands and/or any change in the relationship between the Emperor and Japanese nation. At Yalta, Franklin Delano Roosevelt had tried to extract a firm commitment from Josef Stalin regarding the Soviet Union's entry into the war against Japan; Stalin said he would wait until after Germany's defeat.
FDR's successor, Harry Truman, was also very interested in the Soviet Union's plans for the Pacific but he attended Potsdam knowing that the U.S. was about to begin testing an unimaginably powerful new weapon, the atomic bomb. He undoubtedly shared some information with Winston Churchill who would have passed it on to Anthony Eden. How much their successors in the new Labour government, Prime Minister Clement Attlee and Foreign Minister Ernest Bevin, knew (or had absorbed) by the time the conference wound down doesn't come up. It's clear Attlee and Bevin had turned their attention to rebuilding their own war-devastated country; they were willing to let Truman, Stalin, Chiang Kai-Shek et al. deal with Japan.
Stalin played the old Neutrality Pact with Japan for all it was worth, buying time to move Soviet forces and equipment to their Far Eastern borders. The Soviets created the appearance of getting Chinese approval for a division of territories in Mongolia, Manchria and Korea. Meanwhile Truman and his advisors debated their options, the possible Russian replies, American public opinion and their desire to demonstrate the new superweapon. The geography of the Kurile Islands and the names of a few key bodies of water proved somewhat baffling to both the Russians and the Americans. Incredulously, the Japanese clung to a belief that the Russians would mediate for them and so the diplomats continued to meet, even as the Soviet troops crossed the borders and ignored white flags of surrender.
Wikipedia has an excellent article, citing numerous authorities on the subject:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan
While Japan's surrender is not in doubt, the events leading up to it and following it, continue to be a source of debate. Professor Hasegawa use of available archival documents from the three major participants - Japan, Russia and the United States - fleshes out the key individuals involved and creates a dramatic thriller firmly grounded in scholarship. That is quite a feat.
Wednesday, July 14, 2010
The Shah and I
Asadollah Alam (1919-1978) served as Prime Minister of Iran from 1962 to 1964 and then was appointed Chancellor of Shiraz University. From that post he got bumped upstairs, so to speak, to serve as Minister of Court until ill health forced his retirement in 1977.
Alam was a member of an aristocratic Iranian family whose wealth and titles predated the upstart Pahlavis. He befriended Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who went on to succeed his father, Reza, as Shah of Iran when the British and Americans forced Reza to abdicate. As a trusted friend and political advisor, with connections to Parliament, the diplomatic community, the university, and world leaders on every continent, Alam was the Shah's conduit for nearly all the daily affairs of Iran, not to mention those of the Pahlavi family and their personal circle.
A diligent diarist (the best kind) Alam covers the years 1969 to 1977 with near daily entries, some quite detailed and candid. Each volumes was deposited by Alam annually in a Swiss bank. After his death, his wife and children retrieved the diaries and eventually arranged for their translation and publication. It must have been difficult for the Alam family to share these diaries, given the frequency with which Asadollah mentions spending time with his lover (never named) and other more casual encounters with young women often during those times he and the Shah got away from the confines of the palaces.
According to the introductory notes, the diaries were edited only to remove repetitive details of court life and in a few cases to suppress the names of individuals who were still living in Iran when the book was publishes. The end result is an unusually comprehensive document covering the last years of the Shah's reign representing personal and official perspectives. Chief among the virtues of this book are the diarist's less than diplomatic private reactions to the oil company executives, diplomats, military leaders, politicians, the rich and the famous, in office or out, who made Tehran a regular stop on jet-set itineraries and junkets.
Alam sincerely admired the Shah's accomplishments as a political leader. What's more he considered him to be the personification of the nation of Iran in much the same way the Russian Tsar or the Emperor of Japan were once held to be in their respective homelands. It's amusing to read about Alam and the Shah's efforts to predict the outcomes of party nominations and presidential elections and their resultant dealings with all the new people each successive president would appoint.
As the years go by Alam becomes increasingly careful how and when he presents new approaches to old problem. The result is that just when flexibility and speed are critical, the government slows down, awaiting one person to be deemed to be in a receptive mood. It's impossible to say how much Alam actually succeeded in moderating the Shah's opinions and ideas which grew increasingly conservative as the years passed. OTOH, it's fair so say he helped lower the Shah's blood pressure and ease those final years on the throne somewhat.
By the mid 1970's Alam's growing awareness of unrest that went much deeper than complaints about profiteering by local businesses or efforts to pin the "blame" on a few "leftists" aping the student demonstrations of American and Western European students of the previous decade. From this point on entries express increasing frustration with his inability to get the Shah to take steps to solve the problems, to share governance with elected officials, to curb the activities of the SAVAK or to allow a more representative government.
Alas, despite his sense that a storm was developing, he never accurately judged where it was coming from. It's pointless to speculate what his reactions would have bee had he lived 2 or 3 more years but a reader unfamiliar with the overthrow of the Shah and the establishment of a theocratic form of government in Iran could be excused if he or she were dumbfounded that the Pahlavi dynasty fell as a result of a growing Islamic fundamentalism. As described in the diaries Alam and the Shah were of one opinion --that Iran had successfully transitioned to a secular nation and with religious leaders united in support of the Pahlavi regime.
For a 2010 look at the situation in Tehran, take a look at this: http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/08/16/100816fa_fact_anderson
I think Alam would have been pleased to learn that people are still hiking (and perhaps still riding horseback) in his beloved Alborz Mountains.
Alam was a member of an aristocratic Iranian family whose wealth and titles predated the upstart Pahlavis. He befriended Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who went on to succeed his father, Reza, as Shah of Iran when the British and Americans forced Reza to abdicate. As a trusted friend and political advisor, with connections to Parliament, the diplomatic community, the university, and world leaders on every continent, Alam was the Shah's conduit for nearly all the daily affairs of Iran, not to mention those of the Pahlavi family and their personal circle.
A diligent diarist (the best kind) Alam covers the years 1969 to 1977 with near daily entries, some quite detailed and candid. Each volumes was deposited by Alam annually in a Swiss bank. After his death, his wife and children retrieved the diaries and eventually arranged for their translation and publication. It must have been difficult for the Alam family to share these diaries, given the frequency with which Asadollah mentions spending time with his lover (never named) and other more casual encounters with young women often during those times he and the Shah got away from the confines of the palaces.
According to the introductory notes, the diaries were edited only to remove repetitive details of court life and in a few cases to suppress the names of individuals who were still living in Iran when the book was publishes. The end result is an unusually comprehensive document covering the last years of the Shah's reign representing personal and official perspectives. Chief among the virtues of this book are the diarist's less than diplomatic private reactions to the oil company executives, diplomats, military leaders, politicians, the rich and the famous, in office or out, who made Tehran a regular stop on jet-set itineraries and junkets.
Alam sincerely admired the Shah's accomplishments as a political leader. What's more he considered him to be the personification of the nation of Iran in much the same way the Russian Tsar or the Emperor of Japan were once held to be in their respective homelands. It's amusing to read about Alam and the Shah's efforts to predict the outcomes of party nominations and presidential elections and their resultant dealings with all the new people each successive president would appoint.
As the years go by Alam becomes increasingly careful how and when he presents new approaches to old problem. The result is that just when flexibility and speed are critical, the government slows down, awaiting one person to be deemed to be in a receptive mood. It's impossible to say how much Alam actually succeeded in moderating the Shah's opinions and ideas which grew increasingly conservative as the years passed. OTOH, it's fair so say he helped lower the Shah's blood pressure and ease those final years on the throne somewhat.
By the mid 1970's Alam's growing awareness of unrest that went much deeper than complaints about profiteering by local businesses or efforts to pin the "blame" on a few "leftists" aping the student demonstrations of American and Western European students of the previous decade. From this point on entries express increasing frustration with his inability to get the Shah to take steps to solve the problems, to share governance with elected officials, to curb the activities of the SAVAK or to allow a more representative government.
Alas, despite his sense that a storm was developing, he never accurately judged where it was coming from. It's pointless to speculate what his reactions would have bee had he lived 2 or 3 more years but a reader unfamiliar with the overthrow of the Shah and the establishment of a theocratic form of government in Iran could be excused if he or she were dumbfounded that the Pahlavi dynasty fell as a result of a growing Islamic fundamentalism. As described in the diaries Alam and the Shah were of one opinion --that Iran had successfully transitioned to a secular nation and with religious leaders united in support of the Pahlavi regime.
For a 2010 look at the situation in Tehran, take a look at this: http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/08/16/100816fa_fact_anderson
I think Alam would have been pleased to learn that people are still hiking (and perhaps still riding horseback) in his beloved Alborz Mountains.
Tuesday, April 27, 2010
Dorothy L. Sayers' Lord Peter Wimsey mysteries
http://www.facebook.com/#!/photo.php?pid=1024848&id=1513218725
My latest (re)discovery - the Lord Peter Wimsey series. A few weeks ago I started with the 3 starring Edward Petherbridge and Harriet Walthers which I'd seen on PBS Mystery in the late 1980's. I even managed to do a screen capture of Peter and Bunter (using my cell phone camera) in the Lagonda and to share it on FB. Truly a gorgeous car!
Once I finished rewatching Strong Poison, Have His Carcase and Gaudy Night, I began watching the even earlier Ian Carmichael series (dating from the mid-1970's).These were also very popular when shown on PBS but I missed them (maybe MPTV didn't carry Mystery then, although more likely I just didn't have time to watch much tv then). Over the intervening years never even heard of them. None of the stories involve Harriet Vane but various members of Peter's figure with the actor who played Mr. Bellamy in Upstairs, Dowstairs as Peter's older brother, the Duke of Denver. Ian Carmichael's Wimsey is different (older, more broadly comedic) but the character is still charming and Glyn Houston's Bunter is definitely much more believable.
The series is delightful providing one can forgive mid-1970's British productions from switching between film and video (this drove me nuts watching The Pallisers on the tv back in WFB but now I watch on the much smaller computer monitor so it's not as jarring. This earlier series includes a television version of my favorite Sayers' mystery -- The Nine Tailors. Reading about the bell ringing inspired me to order a CD of Christmas carols rung on handbells which I boxed up and put in storage in Milw (nowadays I could probably go online and find all sorts of recordings of actual church bells being rung but that was before Internet access.)
My latest (re)discovery - the Lord Peter Wimsey series. A few weeks ago I started with the 3 starring Edward Petherbridge and Harriet Walthers which I'd seen on PBS Mystery in the late 1980's. I even managed to do a screen capture of Peter and Bunter (using my cell phone camera) in the Lagonda and to share it on FB. Truly a gorgeous car!
Once I finished rewatching Strong Poison, Have His Carcase and Gaudy Night, I began watching the even earlier Ian Carmichael series (dating from the mid-1970's).These were also very popular when shown on PBS but I missed them (maybe MPTV didn't carry Mystery then, although more likely I just didn't have time to watch much tv then). Over the intervening years never even heard of them. None of the stories involve Harriet Vane but various members of Peter's figure with the actor who played Mr. Bellamy in Upstairs, Dowstairs as Peter's older brother, the Duke of Denver. Ian Carmichael's Wimsey is different (older, more broadly comedic) but the character is still charming and Glyn Houston's Bunter is definitely much more believable.
The series is delightful providing one can forgive mid-1970's British productions from switching between film and video (this drove me nuts watching The Pallisers on the tv back in WFB but now I watch on the much smaller computer monitor so it's not as jarring. This earlier series includes a television version of my favorite Sayers' mystery -- The Nine Tailors. Reading about the bell ringing inspired me to order a CD of Christmas carols rung on handbells which I boxed up and put in storage in Milw (nowadays I could probably go online and find all sorts of recordings of actual church bells being rung but that was before Internet access.)
Wednesday, March 31, 2010
WHAT TO DO WHEN BLOGGING BECOMES A CHORE
Must be why I never chose to try writing for a living -- there are far more entries in the draft file than in published form. I keep telling myself I've got to clean up the file; also tell myself I've got to write up books and/or dvd's before returning them to the library.
Both of these objectives seem to be about as achievable as staying on a diet. So, rather than worry about writing up each individual title, I think I'll just include enough bib info to serve as a memory aid (life's too short to reread or rewatch all that much). I'll chip away at the file of drafts little by little and collapse entries into each other, or simply list the titles in batches. Sometimes I enjoy rereading items I wrote a while back; other times I blue pencil so much, there's no point left.
These resolutions lead me to ask -- what's with the tendency to overdo things? to keep setting the bar higher all the time? to elaborate beyond Baroque and into Rococo (the spelling just doesn't look write but I'll accept wikipedia's choice, I never could remember if the 2nd "c" went at the end of the 1st or 2nd syllable.) Is it hard-wired into the human brain? seems self-defeating after a while. Simplify, simplify, simplify -- well let's see how long I can manage this new discipline.
Both of these objectives seem to be about as achievable as staying on a diet. So, rather than worry about writing up each individual title, I think I'll just include enough bib info to serve as a memory aid (life's too short to reread or rewatch all that much). I'll chip away at the file of drafts little by little and collapse entries into each other, or simply list the titles in batches. Sometimes I enjoy rereading items I wrote a while back; other times I blue pencil so much, there's no point left.
These resolutions lead me to ask -- what's with the tendency to overdo things? to keep setting the bar higher all the time? to elaborate beyond Baroque and into Rococo (the spelling just doesn't look write but I'll accept wikipedia's choice, I never could remember if the 2nd "c" went at the end of the 1st or 2nd syllable.) Is it hard-wired into the human brain? seems self-defeating after a while. Simplify, simplify, simplify -- well let's see how long I can manage this new discipline.
Monday, March 22, 2010
Anna Pigeon Rides Again
For anyone who isn't already a fan, let me point out that Hard Truth, published in 2005, is the 13th entry in Nevada Barr's series featuring Anna Pigeon, a crime-solving National Park Service Ranger. Anna moves from park to park as she travels up the hierarchy of job classifications within the NPS and, miracle of miracles, she ages along the way. One of my least favorite things about P.D. James' Adam Dalgleish series is that, even though Adam gets promoted, he doesn't age much. In the earliest books he wasn't exactly a youngster so, by now, he ought to be the oldest copper at the Met.
Hard Truth turned out to be lucky number 13 (hey, I'm a Nevadan now) for me. I'd lost track of this series as my reading preferences shifted to non-fiction and the occasional work of literary fiction. For years before, though, mysteries and science fiction were my preferred reading material if I had time; often all I could manage were magazine and newspaper articles and the occasional essay.
More than ever I admire the way Ms. Barr keeps Anna interesting without giving in to the temptation to soften her edges or attitudes. The basic plot is believable in a ripped-from-the-headlines sort of way and the narrative moves along with enough twists and turns to warm the mystery fan's heart. I appreciate the way the author handles multiple sensitive issues. Fans know to expect a wildlife, environmental or park management/resource allocation controversy or two to crop up but Hard Truth tackles a number of social issues and moves them into the park. As always readers get a glimpse inside the workings of a real park, in this case one of the most magnificent and heavily used (due to its proximity to Denver) parks in the system -- Rocky Mountain.
Since I lived in Denver for a year and the area became a family vacation destination later on, I have great memories of visiting the park making it very easy to envision the various places inside and outside the park where the action takes place. Barr always does a good job of describing the surroundings and fitting the mystery to the natural environment but since I've never been in the Carlsbad Caverns (Blind Descent) or the Dry Tortugas (Flashback), I had to work harder to come up with the scenic images. Of course, I read them back when the World Wide Web was barely a glimmer and I used a text-based interface then, not a browser that could handle images. Trying to see what the real place looked like involved a bit of effort; luckily my library had a complete collection of National Geographic magazines.
What I especially liked in this novel was the way Barr developed the supporting characters and made one of them, Heath Jarrod, a co-equal role in telling the story. This splitting of duties allowed Barr to build the suspense as Anna and Heath pursued their separate plot threads until it all came together with a literal crash at the end. Rarely has 324 pages flown by so quickly. By the story's end, Heath is Anna's surrogate for the anger and angst Anna would normally experience and express. I think the technique worked well and I hope the author continues to explore the creation of alter ego's.
I must confess to a good deal of confusion over the course of the first few pages. I assumed Heath was male because I'd never heard the name used for a female before (it could be a diminutive for Heather but it would have to be pronounced differently than the word for the biological/geographic entity is). Fans of 1960's tv will share my recollection that Heath was the name of the character played by Lee Majors in The Big Valley.
There are 2 more Anna Pigeon mysteries to for me to read and savor before the one that's scheduled for later in 2010 rolls off the presses; I picked up No. 14 at the library earlier this week. Here's hoping Nevada Barr makes an author tour out this way -- that's definitely one event I'd make room in my calendar to attend.
Friday, March 19, 2010
"Maybe it helps orient a dancer to the...
... harsh realities of of hoofing for a buck..." so mused Jack Cole on p. 121 of Glenn Loney's 1984 biography, Unsung Genius: The Passion of Dancer-Choreographer Jack Cole.
For a while I thought I'd found the reference to this book in Puttin' on the Ritz, a biography of Fred Astaire that I'd read recently, but there are only a couple of references to Astaire and nothing about the two dancers meeting. Loney mentions that Astaire's dancing style was not Cole's and that Cole did not care for Hermes Pan's choreography. Persistence retracing my path to the book paid off and I found the link -- a 1957 motion picture starring Gregory Peck and Lauren Bacall vehicle called Designing Woman, an alternately amusing and irritating representative of the battle-of-the-sexes genre. It's redeeming features, imo, were Ms. Bacall's wardrobe and a high voltage appearance by Jack Cole in one of his few acting gigs. His memorable performance sent me in search of biographical information online and then to Glenn Loney's biography.
There's an interesting Los Angeles Times article about Jack Cole's professional relationship with Marilyn Monroe with a bit of Cole biography and other career highlights: http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/arts/la-ca-marilyn-monroe9-2009aug09,0,5569636.story?page=2
I also found a photo of Jack Cole here: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?pp/PPALL:@field(NUMBER+@band(van+5a51836)) One of these days I will figure out how to add illustrations to these entries. For the moment simply getting them written and published will have to suffice.
For a while I thought I'd found the reference to this book in Puttin' on the Ritz, a biography of Fred Astaire that I'd read recently, but there are only a couple of references to Astaire and nothing about the two dancers meeting. Loney mentions that Astaire's dancing style was not Cole's and that Cole did not care for Hermes Pan's choreography. Persistence retracing my path to the book paid off and I found the link -- a 1957 motion picture starring Gregory Peck and Lauren Bacall vehicle called Designing Woman, an alternately amusing and irritating representative of the battle-of-the-sexes genre. It's redeeming features, imo, were Ms. Bacall's wardrobe and a high voltage appearance by Jack Cole in one of his few acting gigs. His memorable performance sent me in search of biographical information online and then to Glenn Loney's biography.
There's an interesting Los Angeles Times article about Jack Cole's professional relationship with Marilyn Monroe with a bit of Cole biography and other career highlights: http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/arts/la-ca-marilyn-monroe9-2009aug09,0,5569636.story?page=2
I also found a photo of Jack Cole here: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?pp/PPALL:@field(NUMBER+@band(van+5a51836)) One of these days I will figure out how to add illustrations to these entries. For the moment simply getting them written and published will have to suffice.
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